4d lantarki layer rasa biyu lantarki, shi zai iya samar da rashin kwanciyar hankali sunadarai da hydrogen (wannan amsa na palladium da hydrogen ne reversible), a karkashin aikin palladium, hydrogen ne ionized a matsayin proton da radius ne 1.5 × 1015m, yayin da palladium crystal

A lattice daidaitacce ne 3.88 × 10-10m (20 ℃), don haka za a iya ta hanyar 15crmo gami bututun, a karkashin aikin palladium proton sake haɗuwa da lantarki da kuma sake samar da kwayoyin hydrogen, daga 15crmo gami bututun wani

gefen gudu. A 15crmog alloy bututun farfajiyar, unresolved gas ba zai iya wucewa, don haka za a iya amfani da 15crmo alloy bututun samun high tsabtace hydrogen. [2] Kodayake palladium yana da kayan aiki na musamman na hydrogen, tsabtace palladium

Raunin kayan aiki na inji, sauƙin oxidation a lokacin zafin jiki mai girma, ƙananan zafin jiki mai ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙa Ƙara adadi mai dacewa na IB kungiyar da Ⅷ kungiyar abubuwa a cikin palladium, sanya da palladium gami, za a iya

11. Seamless karfe bututu don mota rabin shaft hulɗa bututu (GB3088-82) ne mai inganci carbon tsarin karfe da kuma gami tsarin karfe zafi madaidaiciya seamless karfe bututu don kera mota rabin shaft hulɗa da kuma tuki gada shell shaft bututu.

A cikin gami, azurfa ya ƙunshi kimanin 20-30%, kuma abun ciki na sauran abubuwa (kamar zinariya, da sauransu) < 5%

Alloy bututu: kayan 12Gr1MoVG 15GrMoG P22 (10GrMo910) P11 T91 P91 WB36 12Cr2MoWVTiB da sauran daban-daban kayan alloy bututu.

815×30-70

245×9-10-12-14-16-18

108×5-6-8-10-12-14

630×12-16-20-25-30-50

219×28-30-35-40

102×16-18-20-22-25

530×12-14-16-18-30-40

219×14-16-18-20-22-25

102×4.5-6-8-10-12-14

508×12-20-30-40-55

219×6-7-8-9-10-12-14

95×6-8-10-12-14-16

480×12-14-20-25-50

203×18-20-22-25-35

89×4.5-6-7-8-10-14-16

457×12-16-18-20-45

203×7-8-10-12-14-16

83×4.5-6-8-10-12-14

450×10-12-16-20-35-50

194×18-20-22-25-30

76×4-6-7-8-10-12-16-20

426×20-22-28-30-32

194×7-8-9-10-12-14-16

73×4-6-8-10-12-16

426×12-14-16

180×18-22-25-28-30

68×4-6-8-10-12-14

406×22-25-28-30-32-35-40-45

180×7-8-10-12-14-16

63.5×4-6-8-9-10-12

406×10-12-14-16-18-20

168×18-20-22-25-30

60×3.5-4-5-6-7-8-9-10

402×38-40-45-50

168×5-6-8-10-12-14-16

57×3.5-4-6-7-8-10

402×22-25-28-30-34

159×16-18-22-25-30

54×3.5-4-5-6-8-10-12

402×10-12-14-16-18-20

159×5-6-8-10-12-14

51×3.5-4-5-6-8-10

377×32-35-38-40-45

152×16-18-20-22-28

48×3.5-4-5-6-8-10-12

377×20-22-25-28-30

152×5-6-8-10-12-14

45×3.5-4-5-6-7-8-10

377×10-12-14-16-18

146×18-20-22-25-30

42×3.5-4-5-6-7-8-10

351×32-35-40-45

146×6-8-10-12-14-16

38×3.5-4-5-6

351×20-22-25-28-30

140×16-18-20-22-25

34×3-3.5-4-5-6

351×10-12-14-16-18

140×5-6-7-8-10-12-14

32×3-3.5-4-5-6

325×32-35-40-45

133×16-18-20-22-25

30×3-3.5-4-6

325×20-22-25-28-30-32

133×5-6-7-8-10-12-14

28×2.5-3-4-4.5-6

325×9-10-12-14-16-18-20

127×18-20-22-25-30

25×2.5-3-3.5-4-5

299×22-25-28-30-35

127×6-7-8-10-12-14-16

22×2-2.5-3-4

299×10-12-14-16-18-20

121×18-20-22-25-30

20×2-2.5-3-4.5

273×32-35-40

121×6-8-10-12-14-16

18×2-2.5-3